The Amazing Microbiome: a Microscopic Ecosystem Within Our Bodies, Part Two

Christine Toomasi, ND, Education and Research for Nutraceuticals Corporation • Apr 02, 2018

If you missed part one of The Amazing Microbiome: A Microscopic Ecosystem Within Our Body, you can find it here.

Last month, we discussed how the unique, microscopic ecosystem of bacteria, yeast, fungi and even some viruses living inside us form a synergistic partnership for our benefit. Research is continuing to clarify how this ecosystem has a profound ability to influence our wellbeing. The scientific community has launched The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) in order to better understand this connection.

Below are some of the most intriguing findings so far:

Discoveries in Microbiome
The data obtained through the HMP has resulted in over forty published research studies. Each one has opened new insights into topics we are only just beginning to understand.9

What do we now know about the microbiome? 13,14,15,16
1. Diversity exists within healthy microbiome habitats in and on our bodies. Similar to how tropical plants thrive in the tropics and cacti thrive in the desert, our microbes naturally thrive and inhabit specific areas of our bodies. Knowing bacteria thrive in certain habitats highlights the importance of protecting exogenous probiotic supplements through the harsh gastric environment. In fact, depending on the microbial species a majority of probiotics will be killed after supplementation if preventative measures aren’t used to protect them from stomach acid. Specialized enteric coatings on capsules and tablets work well to limit disintegration in the stomach and safeguard probiotic viability until they reach the intestinal tract. In addition, it’s important to find probiotic supplements designed for a targeted demographic to account for microbiome habitat diversity.

2. Our microbiome is constantly changing. Many factors can shift the microbial community landscape throughout our lives, resulting in dysbiosis, or an imbalanced microbiome. Factors such as diet, environment, host genetics, early microbial exposure, and even pregnancy have an influence on our microbiome. However, we know our microbiome can be rebalanced by targeted probiotic supplementation and probiotic-rich foods.

3. HMP researchers report that microbes contribute about 360 times more genes responsible for human survival than our own human genes contribute. The microbiome is an integral part of the following aspects of human health:
• Production of essential vitamins like K2, B12, folate and riboflavin (humans do not have the genetic ability to create these vitamins)
• Enhanced immune function
• Glucose levels and metabolic regulation
• Energy extraction from food
• Pathogenic microbe suppression
• Regulation of the gut-brain axis

Although the Human Microbiome Project (and subsequent research) answers many questions, it is clear that an opportunity exists to explore the untapped potential of the microbiome.

We have only scratched the surface of this amazing micro world. In the coming years, researchers around the world will make remarkable advances in medicine through greater understanding of the microbiome. What we have recently learned highlights the importance of quality, multi-strain, specialized probiotic support. Opportunities for innovation exist in multiple demographic and condition-specific categories, including: women’s health, men’s health, 50+, weight support, oral support, digestive support and many more categories! This is a truly exciting time for science, medicine, and global health!

Christine Toomasi is a licensed Naturopathic Doctor with a special interest in metabolic and digestive health and the human microbiome. She has had articles published in the Natural Medicine Journal, as well as a peer reviewed professional journal. Dr. Toomasi provides medical, scientific and regulatory guidance to Nutraceutical Corporation brands where she offers research support for product development and education advancement. Dr. Toomasi is an active member of the American Society for Quality, Gastroenterology Association of Naturopathic Doctors and Low Carb Diabetes Association.

References

  1. Ursell, Luke, et al. “Defining the Human Microbiome.” Nutr Rev 70, Suppl 1 (2012). S38-44. 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00493.
  2. Whiteside, Samantha, et al. “The microbiome of the urinary tract- a role beyond infection.” Nature Reviews Urology 12, 2 (2015) 81-90. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2014.361
  3. Joint FAO/WHO. Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food. London, Ontario, Canada: 2002. Accessed November, 2017. http://www.who.int/foodsafety/fs_management/en/probiotic_guidelines.pdf
  4. NIH Human Microbiome Project defines normal bacterial makeup of the body. June 13, 2012. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-human-microbiome-project-defines-normal-bacterial-makeup-body
  5. The Human Microbiome Project Consortium. “A framework for human microbiome research.” Nature 486, (2012) 215-221. doi:10.1038/nature11209
  6. National Institute of Health. “NIH Human Microbiome Project.” hmpdacc.org https://hmpdacc.org/
  7. National Institute of Health. “NIH Integrative Human Microbiome Project.” hmpdacc.org https://hmpdacc.org/
  8. The Integrative HMP (iHMP) Research Network Consortium. “The Integrative Human Microbiome Project: Dynamic Analysis of Microbiome-Host Omics Profiles during Periods of Human Disease.” Cell Host & Microbe 16, 3 (2014) p276-289. http://ddoi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2014.08.014
  9. National Institute of Health. “Examples of Studies That Have Used the HMP Data.” https://commonfund.nih.gov/hmp/databases#HMPuse
  10. Pimental, Mark. “Intestine Microbes in Gastroenterology: Health and Disease.” American Journal of Gastroenterology 1,1 (2012) doi:10.1038/ajgsup.2012.1
  11. Dewhirst, Floyd, et al. “The Human Oral Microbiome” J Bacteriol 192, 19 (2010) 5002-5017. doi:10.1128/JB.00542-10
  12. “Your Body is a Wonderland…of Bacteria.” ScienceNow Daily News (2009) http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2009/05/your-body-wonderland-bacteria
  13. Li, Kelvin, et al. “Analyses of the Microbial Diversity across the Human Microbiome.” PLOS One (2012). http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0032118
  14. NIH Human Microbiome Project defines normal bacterial makeup of the body. June 13, 2012. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-human-microbiome-project-defines-normal-bacterial-makeup-body
  15. The Human Microbiome Project Consortium. “Structure, Function and Diversity of the Healthy Human Microbiome.” Nature 486, 7402 (2012) 207-214. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3564958/
  16. Govender, Mershen, et al. “A Review of the Advancements in Probiotic Delivery: Conventional vs. Non-Conventional Formulations for Intestinal Flora Supplementation.” 15,1 (2014) 29-43. doi: 10.1208/s12249-013-0027-1

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